Biochemical applications include electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors. By using biosensors, which are systems giving an electrochemical response to a certain amount of analyte, highly sensitive substance measurements are made in areas such as health, environment, forensics and safety. Graphene oxide based electrochemical biosensor studies are performed according to green chemistry by immobilization of glucose oxidase enzyme. Temperature and pH sensitive biosensors are composed of composites obtained from PNIPAAM and tannic acid. In addition, photoelectrochemical biosensor studies of semiconductors have been formed to measure the substances highly sensitive.
Enzymes such as protease, lipase and catalase are purified by extraction from natural sources. Magnetic particles are modified with polyphenols such as gallic acid, tannic acid and tannin, and different enzymes such as trypsin, glucose oxidase and lipase are immobilized on the modified magnetic particles. In addition, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA) are being prepared. Optimization of working conditions are determined by stability and reusability conditions for immobilized enzymes. Applications such as protein digestion, glucose determination, detergent and biodiesel production are carried out with immobilized enzymes.
